America's Foreign Policy Practice Ecam

The term "missile gap" during the Cold War specifically referred to the difference in intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) capabilities between the United States and the Soviet Union. This concept emerged in the late 1950s and early 1960s, reflecting concerns that the Soviet Union might have a numerical superiority in ICBMs, which could jeopardize U.S. security and its deterrent strategy.

The fear around the "missile gap" was rooted in a belief that the Soviets were potentially ahead in missile technology and production, creating a situation where they could launch a surprise attack with devastating consequences. This belief influenced not only strategic military planning but also domestic politics, as it fueled calls for increased military spending and a more aggressive posture against the Soviet threat.

Understanding the nuance of this term is critical since it became a pivotal issue during presidential campaigns and influenced U.S. policies. It also illustrates the broader context of anxiety and competition that characterized U.S.-Soviet relations during the Cold War era.